Diaper rash is a common issue faced by newborns and their parents. This uncomfortable condition is typically characterized by red, irritated skin on a baby's bottom, and can be caused by a variety of factors, such as wetness, friction, and even yeast infections. A severe diaper rash on your baby's bum can hang around for a long time if not dealt with properly. Fortunately, there are numerous diaper rash creams available on the market designed specifically to help soothe, heal, and prevent this unpleasant problem in newborns.While diaper rash cream can be an essential part of your newborn's skincare routine, it is important to understand how to use it effectively and safely. Knowing when to apply the cream, how to choose the right product, and how to properly care for your baby's delicate skin can make all the difference in minimizing diaper rash and keeping your little one comfortable and happy.While diaper rashes in newborns may all just look like bright red skin, they can be classified into different types based on their appearance and underlying causes. Understanding these types can help parents identify the best course of action in treating and preventing them.Irritant Dermatitis: This is the most common type of diaper rash, caused by extended contact of the baby's skin with urine and feces. It appears as red, inflamed skin on the buttocks, thighs, and genitals source.Candida Dermatitis: This type of diaper rash is caused by a fungal infection, specifically Candida yeast. It is characterized by bright red, raised patches with well-defined borders and small red bumps or pustules around the affected area. Candida dermatitis typically occurs in the folds of the skin and is more likely to occur if a baby has recently been on antibioticsAllergic Dermatitis: Allergic dermatitis occurs when a baby's skin reacts to an allergen in the diaper or baby care products. This type of rash appears as red, itchy, and sometimes scaly skin, and may be accompanied by oozing or crusting.When dealing with a diaper rash, it is essential to properly diagnose the type of rash and adjust the treatment accordingly. Consult a healthcare professional when necessary to ensure appropriate care for your newborn.Diaper rashes are common in newborns and can have a variety of causes. One common reason is prolonged exposure to moisture and irritants in the diaper area, resulting from infrequent diaper changes or not cleaning off stool thoroughly. Stool can be particularly irritating to the skin, leading to inflammation and rash development (Children's Hospital Colorado).Another possible cause of diaper rash is a yeast infection. Yeast infections, specifically candidiasis, can occur when the natural balance of microorganisms on the skin is disrupted. Antibiotic usage, a weakened immune system, or other factors might contribute to the overgrowth of Candida, resulting in diaper rash.Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria, might also lead to diaper rash. These might occur if an existing mild diaper rash becomes infected or if a baby's skin is particularly vulnerable due to other factors.Sensitivity to certain diaper materials or chemicals in soaps and wipes might lead to diaper rash development in some newborns. It's essential to pay attention to any signs of irritation or rash and consider changing diaper brands or using more gentle cleansers to see if the condition improves (Nemours KidsHealth).Diaper rash cream should be applied to your newborn's skin whenever there is a possibility of irritation or when signs of redness and irritation appear. It is okay to apply a diaper ointment every couple hours if you are continuing to see redness. Some parents may choose to apply diaper rash cream as a preventative measure at every diaper change. This is not necessary but may help avoid the development of rashes and keep your baby's skin protected against moisture and chaffing. New parents should also not hesitate to seek medical care from their pediatrician or healthcare provider if a rash is not resolving despite home treatment.Before applying diaper cream, ensure that your newborn's bottom is clean and dry. It is best to change the diaper and clean your baby's bottom with a gentle wipe or a warm, damp cloth.To apply diaper rash cream, take a sufficient amount of the cream on your fingertips and gently rub it onto your baby's skin. Make sure to cover the entire affected area with a thick layer of the cream, including any folds of the skin. Pay extra attention to areas that are more prone to irritation.When using a zinc oxide barrier cream, like DESITIN® Maximum Strength Original Paste, apply a thick layer at each diaper change to enhance its effectivenes.Once the cream is applied, put on a clean diaper, making sure it is fastened securely and comfortably around your baby's bottom, without being too tight.When selecting a diaper rash cream for your newborn, it's important to consider the ingredients used and the type of product, whether it be a cream or an ointment. This will ensure that you choose the most effective and gentle option for your baby's delicate skin.Some key ingredients to look for in a diaper rash cream include:Diaper rash creams and ointments each have their own advantages for treating and preventing diaper rash. Here are the main differences between the two:Creams Ointments Lighter consistency, making them easier to apply and remove Thicker consistency, creating a more effective barrier on the skin May contain a higher percentage of active ingredients, like zinc oxide Often contain higher amounts of emollients, like petroleum jelly, for improved moisture protection Less likely to stain clothing More likely to stain clothing due to the heavier consistency Ultimately, your choice between creams and ointments will depend on your personal preferences and your baby's specific needs. Experiment with both types to determine what works best for your newborn's diaper rash prevention and treatment.Diaper rash is a common issue faced by parents with newborns. By following some simple tips, you can prevent diaper rash from occurring and keep your baby comfortable. Here are some methods to avoid this condition:The best way to prevent a diaper rash is changing your baby's diaper frequently, making sure they are always dry and clean. The following tips may help:Choosing between cloth diapers and regular diapers can be a personal decision for parents. There are pros and cons to both options:Cloth Diaper is more cost-effective and more environmentally friendly. Cloth diapers also have fewer chemicals touching baby's skin. However, disposable diapers are more convenient and may be needed during a time of a diaper rash so you can do frequent changes easily. Regular diapers also have more absorption capacity and thus may be less likely to further irritate a baby's diaper rash. Ultimately, your choice depends on your preferences and what works best for your baby. Ensure whichever option you choose is changed frequently to prevent diaper rash.Establishing a good skin care routine can play a significant role in preventing diaper rash in newborns. Consider the following steps:There are many causes of diaper rash, but most commonly they happen due to poop having contact with the baby's sensitive skin for too long. Frequent diaper changes can help to prevent this as well as some over the counter rash products like triple paste and other barrier creams. Especially if your child has a dirty diaper, it is a good idea to change the diaper immediately and apply some rash ointment to the baby's diaper area. Newborn skin is very sensitive and needs to be taken care of. By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the chances of your newborn experiencing diaper rash and promote healthy, happy skin.

Finding the best laundry detergents for babies with eczema can be challenging. Eczema is a skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin, and it can be exacerbated by harsh chemicals found in some laundry detergents. Choosing a detergent that is gentle on your baby's skin can help soothe their eczema and prevent flare-ups.When shopping for a laundry detergent for babies with eczema, it's important to look for products that are free from harsh chemicals and fragrances. Many detergents contain ingredients that can irritate sensitive skin, including sulfates, parabens, and synthetic fragrances. Opting for a detergent that is specifically designed for babies with eczema can also be helpful, as these products are formulated to be extra gentle on delicate skin.With so many laundry detergents on the market, it can be overwhelming to figure out which are the best baby laundry detergents. In this article, we'll take a look at some of the best laundry detergents for babies with eczema. We'll consider factors like ingredients, effectiveness, and affordability to help you make an informed decision and keep your baby's skin healthy and happy.Eczema is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages, but it is especially prevalent in babies. It is also known as atopic dermatitis, and it is characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin. Eczema can be a frustrating condition for both the baby and the parents, but with proper care and management, it can be controlled. In this section, we will discuss what eczema is and the causes of eczema in babies.Eczema is a type of skin inflammation that causes red, itchy, and inflamed skin. It is a chronic condition, which means that it can last for a long time, and it tends to flare up periodically. Eczema can affect any part of the body, but it is most common on the face, neck, arms, and legs. In babies, eczema often appears on the cheeks and scalp. Eczema is not contagious, and it cannot be spread from person to person.The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Babies who have a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies are more likely to develop eczema. Environmental factors that can trigger eczema include:Babies with eczema have a weakened skin barrier, which makes their skin more susceptible to irritants and allergens. This can lead to a cycle of itching and scratching, which can further damage the skin and make the eczema worse. It is important to identify and avoid triggers that can cause eczema flare-ups in babies.There are a few things that you should not use that could worsen skin conditions and even cause allergic reactions in your baby. Do not use essential oils on your baby. Some of these are too strong and are not approved for use in children. Furthermore, essential oils are not well regulated and the effects of some are unknown. Also do not use products with harmful chemicals which may be found in a product that has an extremely concentrated formula. Finally, a fragrance-free option is always better over something that has even a light scent. Babies are very sensitive and direct contact with artificial brighteners or artificial fragrances can cause worsening of eczema-prone skin. Choosing the right laundry detergent for your baby with eczema can be a daunting task. With so many options available in the market, it can be overwhelming to decide which one is the best for your baby's sensitive skin. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the best laundry detergent for babies with eczema:When selecting a laundry detergent for your baby with eczema, it is important to avoid certain ingredients that can irritate the skin. These ingredients include:These ingredients can cause skin irritation and trigger eczema flare-ups in babies with sensitive skin. Built-in fabric softener is not necessary. It is best to opt for a laundry detergent that is free from these ingredients.When choosing a laundry detergent for your baby with eczema, look for ingredients that are gentle on the skin and can help soothe and moisturize it. These ingredients include:These ingredients can help maintain the moisture barrier of the skin and prevent eczema flare-ups in babies with sensitive skin.When selecting a laundry detergent for your baby with eczema, it is important to read the label carefully and look for products that are specifically designed for babies with sensitive skin. By avoiding harsh chemicals and choosing gentle, moisturizing ingredients, you can help keep your baby's skin healthy and free from eczema flare-ups.All Free Clear Detergent is another excellent choice for babies with eczema. This detergent is specially formulated to be hypoallergenic and free of fragrances, dyes, and harsh chemicals that can cause irritation. It is also safe for use in all types of washing machines and is effective in removing tough stains from baby clothes. *We also love these awesome dryer sheets for babies with sensitive skin.Rockin' Green Classic Rock Unscented Laundry Detergent is a great choice for babies with eczema. It is specially formulated to be gentle on sensitive skin and is free of harsh chemicals, dyes, and fragrances that can cause irritation. This detergent is safe for use in all types of washing machines and is effective in removing tough stains from baby clothes.Dreft Stage 1: Newborn Liquid Detergent is a popular choice for parents of newborns with eczema. It is specially formulated to be gentle on delicate baby skin and is free of harsh chemicals, dyes, and fragrances that can cause irritation. This detergent is safe for use in all types of washing machines and is effective in removing tough stains from baby clothes.When choosing a laundry detergent for babies with eczema, it is important to look for products that are hypoallergenic and free of fragrances, dyes, and harsh chemicals. It is also important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and to avoid overloading the washing machine, as this can lead to incomplete rinsing and residual detergent on the clothes.Babies with eczema have sensitive skin that is easily irritated by certain fabrics and materials. Here are some clothes and fabrics that babies with eczema should avoid:When choosing clothes for your baby with eczema, look for soft, breathable fabrics like cotton. It is also important to wash your baby's clothes in a gentle, fragrance-free detergent to avoid irritation.By avoiding these clothes and fabrics, you can help prevent eczema flare-ups and keep your baby's skin healthy and comfortable. You may also need to try one of the above options and switch to another if it doesn't work for you. The best detergent for your baby is the one that works best for your baby. It is also a great option to find the best product that the whole family can use too so that doing loads of laundry stays as simple as possible. Before washing your baby's clothes, it is important to treat any stains or heavily soiled areas. Use a mild stain remover or a paste made from baking soda and water to gently rub the affected area. Avoid using bleach or harsh chemicals as they can irritate your baby's skin. Doing a pre wash cycle can also minimize the amount of detergent you need to use. When washing your baby's clothes, choose a hypoallergenic laundry detergent that is free from fragrances and dyes. Some recommended brands include Seventh Generation, Ecos, and Tide. Use the recommended amount of detergent as baby clothes do not need too much detergent. Avoid overloading the machine to ensure that the clothes are thoroughly cleaned. The water temperature can be variable, there is no best choice for this. Washing clothes in warm water or in cold water are both acceptable.After washing, it is important to rinse the clothes thoroughly to remove any leftover detergent. Avoid using fabric softeners or dryer sheets as they can irritate your baby's skin. Instead, use wool dryer balls or hang the clothes outside to dry in the sun.Store your baby's clothes in a clean, dry place to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold. Avoid using scented sachets or mothballs as they can irritate your baby's skin. Instead, use natural alternatives like lavender or cedar chips.It is also important to wash any new clothes before your baby wears them to remove any residual chemicals or irritants. Use the same washing and drying techniques as mentioned above to ensure that the clothes are safe for your baby's delicate skin.By following these tips, you can help prevent eczema flare-ups and keep your baby's clothes clean and comfortable.Choosing the right detergent for babies with eczema can be a daunting task, but it is essential to ensure that your baby's skin is protected from irritants. After conducting extensive research, we have come up with a list of the top laundry detergents that are safe and effective for babies with eczema.When selecting a laundry detergent, it is crucial to look for products that are free of harsh chemicals and fragrances. The best detergents are those that are hypoallergenic, gentle on your baby's skin, and have a neutral pH balance. Additionally, it is essential to avoid fabric softeners, as they can cause skin irritation and worsen eczema symptoms.Our top picks for the best laundry detergents for babies with eczema are Babyganics Laundry Detergent, Tide Free and Gentle Liquid Laundry Detergent, and Seventh Generation Concentrated Baby Laundry Detergent. These detergents are all free of harsh chemicals, fragrances, and dyes, making them gentle on your baby's sensitive skin.It is important to note that every baby's skin is different, and what works for one may not work for another. If you notice any adverse reactions or worsening of eczema symptoms after using a particular detergent, discontinue use and consult a pediatrician.Ultimately, choosing the right laundry detergent for your baby with eczema requires careful consideration and research. By using one of our top picks or another hypoallergenic detergent, you can help protect your baby's skin and prevent eczema flare-ups.

The best 1 year old travel toys have a few qualities. They are compact and easy to pack and store in a hotel room. They won't make a mess during long car rides on plane rides, and they provide safe play. The right travel toys to entertain a 1 year old include toys they can reach for, hold, suck on, shake, make noise with, and things to listen to.The absolute key when it comes to this age group is variety and volume. It is important to note that one year olds may have limited attention spans and may quickly lose interest in a toy. It's a good idea to bring a variety of toys and activities to keep your child engaged and entertained during travel. You can rotate them so that your little one is constantly entertained. Here are our top travel toys for traveling by plane, car, or both. Here are our favorite travel toys for all types of transportation including public and private transportation. Magna Doodle is a compact and lightweight toy, making it easy to carry during travel. It is mess free and a nice quiet option for all types of travel. You may need two if your children are very close in age and would possibly fight over it. It is very popular from ages 1 to 3. Because it is magnetic it is mess free. It has a magnetic drawing board and a stylus. This means there are no messy crayons, markers, or ink involved. It allows for mess-free creativity, making it suitable for confined spaces like airplanes or cars where spills or stains could be problematic.The unique feature of Magna Doodle is its ability to erase and start over easily. By sliding the eraser handle or using the built-in erase feature, you can clear the drawing surface and create something new within seconds. This feature eliminates the need for carrying extra sheets of paper or worrying about running out of drawing space. Magna Doodle can provide hours of entertainment for toddlers. It offers a blank canvas for drawing, doodling, writing, and playing games like tic-tac-toe or hangman. It can help pass the time during long journeys, providing a creative outlet and engaging the mind.With the rise of digital devices, having a screen-free entertainment option during travel can be refreshing. Magna Doodle does not require batteries, Wi-Fi, or charging, making it a quiet and screen-free alternative for keeping oneself or children occupied during flights, road trips, or other travel situations.Sensory board books make great travel toys. A 1 year old is learning to flip the pages of a book and will be able to entertain themselves in multiple ways using a sensory book. What makes these books some of the best toys for travel is that they stand the test of time. Board books can be used to entertain your 1 year old but then can also be used to help them learn how to read as they get to ages 2, 3, and 4. An investment in this type of book will the be perfect toy for years to come. One of the most popular children's board books is the "That's not my animal" series by Usborne.  Children love to touch and feel the different textures on the page and it's also a very compact size and can fit easily inside a diaper bag or suitcase. They are durable and easily to clean as well. Books are an absolute must during long flights and long road trips. It is a good idea to have at least 3 books with you since most young kids lose interest in things quickly. A busy board is a great toy because it is a great way to entertain young toddlers in a small space. Also the compact size and different textures can keep your little one entertained longer. They can use the busy board to practice hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills. A busy board can also fit easily into a diaper bag and can also grow with your child so they are also able to use this until age 3. When it comes to Montessori travel toys, the Gojmzo Busy Board is a very popular choice amongst parents because it has many different sensory toys within it, is washable, and is the perfect size for all types of travel. It is important to note that many one year olds will put most of their toys in their mouth so be sure that they are being watched while they use this type of toy. This is a great option for plane travel since you can help show your one year old how to use the different parts of the busy board. A busy book or a busy board can be a great learning tool as well. These montessori style books help to enhance your toddler's problem-solving skills. They also grow well with children as some older kids will also find them challenging. It is very important to bring along a few teething toys because your 1 year old is likely to be teething. Your baby's lateral incisor and first molar could be coming in during this time so choose a teether that can reach to the back teeth. The cactus teether also can double as a toothbrush, is easy for your toddler to grip and can allow them to reach their back teeth. It is a great teething toy for ages 1 to 2. These are a favorite when it comes to toddler travel toys. They are a hands on and a fun way to engage your little one during travel. Reusable stickers are also great for the environment so you don't have to feel bad about waste. They are also small and easy to pack for any type of travel. Some of our favorites have many different colors and and shapes.A fidget toy can be helpful for a small amount of time, around 5 minutes at the most. The main thing to look for in a fidget toy is that it does not have small parts that can break off. Ideally it should also be a soft toy. This is not a top choice on the list because each fidget toy is different. The different designs can make it challenging to figure out which is going to a hit with your toddler. Safety for these also varies so you will need to really do some research before choosing a fidget toy that is appropriate for this age group. Here is our list of the best travel toys when traveling by plane with a 1 year old. Remember to bring several toys as each one will likely only provide 8 to 10 minutes of entertainment before you need to switch out the toys. Another great airplane toy is a coloring book. The beauty of the water color books is that they have special paper that makes color appear when it comes in contact with water. This activity is a little harder to do in the car seat. If your baby can't figure out how to play with it themselves they may become frustrated. This is probably best for plane or train travel. The Melissa & Doug book is the ideal size for travel and easily first on the tray table in front of you. Stacking blocks are a great plane ride toy because you can easily play with them on your tray table. Additionally, you do not need much room to store them since they stack within each other. Carrying them around is lightweight and an easy task. This fun travel toy can also be used for entertaining little kids in a hotel room or on the beach once you have reached your destination. A stuffed animal can always be a nice accompaniment on a long plane ride. It can not only give your baby something to play with on the ride, but can also be a nice place for your baby to put their head down if they want to take a nap. These are likely to be a little too bulky for your baby to use in their car seat. You should choose something that your baby is already comfortable with at home so they have a sense of familiarity in their environment during travel. This is a good choice for plane or train where you can actively be helping your child to sort shapes. This is more difficult to use in the car because your child will be in their car seat. If they happen to drop a shape you will not be able to retrieve if for them if you are in the front seat. In a plane or train, you can use the tray table to help them. Here are our favorite travel toys for car rides. These are best used when you don't have a lot of other people around, and your child making noise will not disturb other travelers. It is a good idea to have more than one car toy so that your little one can stay entertained for longer. The best car travel toys are those can the child can play with independently since you will most likely be sitting in the driver's seat or the passenger's seat. It is also a good idea to ensure that whatever you use does not have small parts that your child can bite or chew off. Books are an absolute must during long flights and long road trips. Musical board books are also a great option but may be more suitable for car travel rather than a long haul flight where noise may disturb your fellow passengers. 1 year olds love music and love being able to turn things on and off. The Ditty Bird Children's Songs book is a great choice because it features 6 popular nursery rhymes that kids of all ages will recognize. These include popular songs like Wheels On The Bus and Five Little Monkeys. This is one of the best road trip toys and is a hit with many 1 year olds.There are a handful of compact educational tablets that teach children different things using sounds and touch. Babies love to play with their little hands and get a reaction from their toy when they push a button. Because these toys can be noisy sometimes, they are best used for private car rides rather than when you are traveling with a plane or train full of people. These tablets are meant for young children so they don't have a place for headphones (not that your child will keep headphones in). Our favorite table is the Most 1 year olds are not very interested in screen time. This may keep them entertained for a few minutes but they are unlikely to stay entertained for long. Additionally, for some young children, watching TV or a screen up close while in a moving vehicle can cause nausea. The last thing you want on a long airplane ride is for your child to throw up or become sick. It may work as a last resort in some children. Additionally, if you are hoping that your baby naps during your journey then screen time will likely stimulate them more than you want. A one year old is too young to participate in or enjoy imaginative play. If your little one has an older sibling they may participate in this faster, but imaginative play in a 1 year old is not a great activity for entertaining them. Avoid toys that have messy colors or many small parts. The last thing you want to worry about when you are traveling is if your child has swallowed a piece of a baby travel toy. Excellent travel toys do not have small parts that can break off easily. Traveling is often very distracting so you want to have an easy way to entertain your child without having to worry too much. Card games are not a great choice for this age. Thought their small size may make them attractive, little minds are not going to be able to stay focused long enough to play card games. Additionally, card games can easily get lost or a card can go missing during travel. Use the suggestions above on our favourite travel toys. Some important things to keep in mind when looking for the perfect travel toy is safety, compact size and durability. Especially if you are traveling alone with your child you want to be sure that the travel toy has a compact design like the ones mentioned above. This will allow you to easily put things in your diaper bag leaving your hands free to manage your little one. Additionally, toys that have pieces that can easily be removed by a toddler's teeth are not a good idea. Traveling with a little one can be a stressful experience and you don't want to have a toy that your child could potentially choke on. Be sure that an adult is directly supervising your 1 year old while they are playing with anything that has the potential for being a choking hazard. Overall, a variety of travel toys will serve you well so that you can keep your little one entertained with travel toddler toys. 1 year old children tend to have a short attention span but also a short memory. This means you can rotate your favorite travel toys easily. Bring at least four or five toys on your travels so that you can get through it as seamlessly as possible. Traveling is already stressful so these amazing toys can really help to make it easier. 

What is the optimal 9 month old sleep schedule? As you could have predicted a baby's sleep schedule is going to be different for each child. However, there are some general guidelines surrounding wake windows and sleep training that we will discuss that can be helpful. You can also find a sample sleep schedule below. Navigating the sleep schedule of a 9-month-old baby can be challenging for parents, as infants at this age undergo various developmental milestones affecting their sleep patterns. During this stage, babies are transitioning from a polyphasic sleep cycle with multiple naps throughout the day to a biphasic cycle. A biphasic cycle means that they have a more consolidated sleep which should ideally be at night. Having a consistent sleep schedule for your 9 month old can be helpful for the baby as well as for parents and caregivers. Additionally, if your 9 month old has older siblings, a sleep schedule can help to keep all children aligned. Having more predictable sleep schedule for your children can also allow you to get more sleep and help your child learn how to self soothe in the middle of the night.A consistent sleep schedule is essential for a 9-month-old infant's overall development, especially since their sleeping patterns play a significant role in their physical, cognitive, and emotional growth. Establishing a reliable sleep schedule can contribute to better nighttime sleep. One way to do this is to keep the sleep environment the same for daytime sleep and nighttime sleep. This way your baby always associated their crib with sleep and calming down. They will begin to feel comfortable there which will help self soothing at night. At nine months, babies generally sleep around 12 to 14 hours a day, with ideally 10 to 11 of those hours being at night. The remainder of the hours are usually divided into one morning nap and one afternoon nap.  Of course, sleep habits may vary considerably among infants due to factors such as temperament, family routines, and existing sleep associations. If your 9 month old takes a 3 hour nap in the middle of the day, then it is unlikely that they will take a second one before night time sleep.If there are other children in the home, your 9 month old may be excited and have awake times that are more similar to their older siblings. If you sense that your baby is becoming cranky and is over stimulated, it is a good idea to take them into a calm environment away from other children to see if they will fall asleep.Proper sleep aids in crucial processes like memory consolidation, and strengthens the immune system. Moreover, a good sleeping pattern can improve an infant's attention span, overall mood, and reduce the chances of developing sleep problems later in life.A structured sleep schedule for a 9-month-old can benefit the entire family. Parents, especially mothers, experience less stress and improved mental health when their infants have a predictable sleeping routine. This is evidenced by a randomized trial conducted in Victoria that observed a reduction in the prevalence of reported postpartum depressive symptoms among mothers with predictable infant sleep schedules.Bedtime routines also help with reinforcing consistency and creating your baby's sleep habits. The association of the same routine night after night with sleep will help your baby realize that sleep time is approaching. Certain activities like the ones discussed below are also soothing and calming. These are better to do than giving your child screen time or outdoor play right before bed. A warm bath for your baby can help them relax and signal to them that bedtime is approaching. Make sure the water temperature is comfortable, and use gentle baby soap or bubble bath. Bathtime can also serve as a bonding experience between the baby and the caregiver. After the bath, dry your baby gently and dress them in comfortable sleepwear.Bedtime is a great time for reading. Storytelling can help calm their mind and enhance their cognitive development. Choose age-appropriate books or stories that feature soothing colors and simple narratives. This activity also helps build a connection between you and your baby while providing them with a sense of security.Soothing activities can help your baby settle down before sleep. For example, a gentle massage of your babies legs and feet may help them to calm down. You can also play calming music or sing to your child. It is also important to create a soothing environment with dim lighting and little noise. Some babies also respond well to a white noise machine to block out any distracting sounds. You will quickly learn what helps to calm your baby's energy levels and where their sweet spot is for falling asleep.To create an ideal sleep environment for a 9-month-old, a dark and quiet room is essential. As infants are still developing their circadian rhythms, exposure to darkness during sleep time can help regulate their sleep patterns better 1. To achieve this, install blackout curtains or shades in the baby's room to block out any light pollution. Additionally, consider using a white noise machine or a fan to drown out any background sounds that may startle or disturb the baby's sleep.Another critical element in creating a conducive sleep environment is maintaining a comfortable room temperature. Research suggests that the ideal sleep temperature for infants is between 65°F (18°C) and 72°F (22°C) 2. To ensure the baby is neither too hot nor too cold, monitor room temperature and adjust accordingly. Dressing the baby in light layers is also helpful, as it allows for easy adjustments when needed.Your baby's sleep area should not have any screens. Exposure to screens and their emitted blue light can interfere with the natural production of melatonin in infants. This can potentially disrupting their sleep 3. To minimize this risk, avoid placing any screens such as TVs, computers, or smartphones in the baby's room or ensure they are turned off well before bedtime. It is better to focus on soothing activities like reading or singing a lullaby to help the baby relax and drift off to sleep.At around 9 months old, most infants typically transition from three naps to two naps per day. This usually comprises one nap in the morning and another in the afternoon. Maintaining a consistent daytime sleep schedule can help promote better sleep at night and promote overall sleep quality.A 9-month-old's naps can vary in duration, with some babies sleeping for 1 to 1.5 hours per nap, while others may nap for up to 2 hours. It is crucial to observe your baby's sleep patterns and adjust nap durations accordingly to suit their individual needs. Adapting to their sleep cues, such as yawning or rubbing eyes, can help in establishing an effective naptime routine.Try to keep the wake windows between naps to around 3 hours. The exception to this is after the last nap of the day. One tactic parents use to help their baby get more nighttime sleep is by stretching the wake window to 4 or 4.5 hours between the afternoon nap and bedtime. Now, not all children can do this and they may become very fussy around the 3.5 hours mark. Trying to entertain them and keep them engaged can help to stretch this window a bit longer. At this age, a healthy balance between awake time and sleep is essential for your baby's growth and development. Infants usually need approximately 12 to 16 hours of sleep, including nighttime sleep and naps, in a 24-hour period. The appropriate wake time for a 9-month-old is generally 2.5 to 3.5 hours between naps. Keeping a sleep journal or tracking app may assist in finding the optimal balance between your baby's awake and asleep times, ensuring they feel well-rested and alert during their waking hours.Now you can make any schedule you want, but it's not certain that your 9 month old is going to follow it. There are many potential causes for disruption to your 9 month old's sleep schedule, so it's best to be prepared ahead of time. At around 9 months, infants experience a period of rapid growth and development. They may begin to crawl, sit up independently, and even attempt to stand. These developmental milestones can lead to potential sleep challenges as the child's increased physical activity and cognitive stimulation can cause them difficulty in settling down for sleep. Infants learning to crawl may be more inclined to practice this skill in the crib, leading to restlessness and disrupted sleep. As they begin to sit up and stand, they might struggle with figuring out how to lie back down, further disrupting sleep.It is very likely that your child will have some teeth coming in around 9 months. This pain can disrupt your sleeping baby and also make it harder for them to fall asleep. Even babies who are great sleepers can be woken up from the pain of teething. The upper central incisors come in usually between 8 to 12 months. Then the upper lateral incisors come in between 9 to 13 months old. Having a good teether can help to make your little one more comfortable.Another challenge during this period is separation anxiety A 9-month-old may develop a heightened awareness of their caregiver's absence and become distressed when they are not nearby. This may result in difficulty falling asleep independently, because your child may want and need comfort from you. It is essential to establish a consistent bedtime routine and provide reassurance to the child as they learn to self-soothe and fall asleep on their own.Sleep regressions can also occur around the 9-month mark. Luckily it is a temporary stage where a child's sleep patterns may become disrupted. If your child is going through a sleep regression, they may have a change in their nap schedule as well as their hours of nighttime sleep. They could have early morning wakings, increased night wakings and difficulty staying asleep. Consistency here again is going to be the best thing you can do. It will be much harder though to keep consistency in your daily routine if your baby has decided they don't want to stick to that routine. Give yourself grace and remember that with some time and age, your baby will begin to sleep better. There are also several sleep training methods you can try at this age such as the Ferber Method to help you achieve longer periods of sleep. Remember to talk to your child's pediatrician for any ongoing sleep challenges or concerns. By understanding the potential sleep challenges faced by a 9-month-old, caregivers can better support their child's sleep needs during this crucial developmental period.It is natural for parents to experience challenges with their 9-month-old's sleep schedule. However, there are instances when seeking professional help may be necessary. Knowing when to reach out for expert guidance is important for the well-being of the child and the family.Difficulty with sleep patterns might be a reason for concern if consistent disruptions persist, affecting their day-to-day lives. For example, if a child experiences frequent night waking or trouble falling asleep that impacts their overall development. In such cases, the assistance of a sleep consultant or pediatrician is recommended.Another scenario where professional help should be sought is if there are signs of a sleep disorder. Common sleep disorders in infants include sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder. These conditions involve abnormal movement, breathing problems, or disruption in sleep quality and duration. If parents suspect their infant is experiencing symptoms related to a sleep disorder, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.630 AM: Wake Up645 AM: Breast Milk / Formula800 AM Solid Foods845 AM: Breast Milk / Formula900 AM Nap for 90 minutes1030 Wake up & Play1200 Noon:  lunch1245 pm Breast milk / Formula1 pm Nap for 90 minutes230 wake up & play330 Breast milk / Formula5 pm Solid Foods6 Pm Start Bedtime Routine645 PM: Breast Milk / Formula7 PM SleepImplementing a consistent sleep schedule for a 9-month-old infant not only supports their healthy development but also promotes a better quality of life for the entire family. By 9 months, the baby's circadian rhythm has developed. Parents and caregivers can support healthy sleep habits through various strategies, such as creating a calming bedtime routine, maintaining a consistent sleep environment, and being aware of any potential disruptions to sleep.In addition to nighttime sleep, it is important to consider the role of daytime naps in a 9-month-old's sleep schedule. Proper nap duration and timing can contribute to a more restful night's sleep and support the child's overall development. Be sure to have at least a 3.5 hour to 4 hour wake window before night sleep to helpyour baby have a longer stretch of sleep at night.You can also view the sample schedule above to help you make a plan.Ultimately, a well-balanced sleep schedule at 9 months of age leads to improved temperament, cognitive function, and physical growth. By providing a supportive and nurturing sleep environment, parents and caregivers can help pave the way for healthy sleep habits throughout the child's life.Sources:

Many breastfeeding parents worry about bottle and nipple confusion. Is nipple confusion a real concern or should it be called the nipple confusion myth? Let's start by understanding it.This term has been used to describe a baby who is primarily feeding at the breast that may become acclimated to bottle feeding and therefore, will not be able to feed directly at the breast. It has also been used to describe confusion between pacifiers and the breast. There is probably more evidence to support nipple confusion as it relates to bottles and less to that of pacifier use, although there is not very strong evidence for either. Should breastfeeding moms worry about switching between the bottle and the breast? The answer is it depends. Each baby is unique and there are certain bottles you can purchase that are less likely to cause your baby to prefer the bottle over the breast. Some of this depends on the shape of the bottle while much of it also depends on the flow. Because breastfeeding is more challenging for the newborn, slow flow bottles are a good option while establishing breastfeeding. If your baby begins to realize that the bottle is much easier to get food from, they may prefer the bottle. They are not "confused" about which to choose. They are very much aware that the bottle is easier and therefore may cry for it. Here are our recommendations when it comes to the best bottles for breastfed baby: Slow flow nipples are a great choice when it comes to breastfed babies. This type of nipple and bottle will mimic the flow of the milk that comes out of the breast and are less likely to make your newborn prefer the bottle over the breast. Some of these, however, maybe so slow that a hungry baby may become very frustrated. Be sure to look out for hunger cues in your baby so that you can have a bottle prepared and ready to go. Typically, your baby will feed every 2 to 3 hours so you can prepare yourself according to this schedule. Certain brands have different levels of flow and this can be very helpful in deciding which level makes the most sense for your baby. Extra slow flow is a good place to start and increase the level of flow from there if needed.Some brands make bottles that are shaped like the breast. In the beginning, when your baby is too young to hold the bottle, this does not matter much. As they get older and can hold the bottle themselves, it may be a nice bottle to have. There is no real evidence to support that a breast shaped bottle is better than one that is not, but there is no harm in using one either. A very small number of brands carry a combination of slow flow nipples and bottles that mimic the breast. This specific Tommee Tippee bottle is also a great option for babies who have colic as it does also have an anti-colic valve. Remember, that there is a lack of high-quality scientific studies on colic treatment. So, it is unclear if these anti-colic valves are actually helpful, so purchase with a grain of salt. Although there is little evidence to support that nipple confusion is a real problem, choosing a bottle that encourages breastfeeding is likely a good choice. Slow flow nipples and slow flow bottles can be helpful to encourage feeding at the breast as can bottles that are shaped and feel like the breast. The recommendations linked above a good place to start!Sources:Zimmerman E, Thompson K. Clarifying nipple confusion. J Perinatol. 2015 Nov;35(11):895-9. doi: 10.1038/jp.2015.83. Epub 2015 Jul 16. PMID: 26181720.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26181720/Zeevenhooven J, Browne PD, L'Hoir MP, de Weerth C, Benninga MA. Infant colic: mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Aug;15(8):479-496. doi: 10.1038/s41575-018-0008-7. PMID: 29760502.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760502/

Vitamin d drops for infants are critical for their growth and development, especially for breastfed babies and partially breastfed babies. Baby Vitamin D drops can be easily purchased online or in a pharmacy. If your baby is formula fed and consuming enough ounces of formula, then they may or may not need infant Vitamin D drops. But for moms who are exclusively or almost exclusively breastfeeding, all of them will need Vitamin D supplementation for the baby. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends infants be fed breast milk exclusively for the first 6 months after birth. Breast milk has many vitamins, including Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and the B vitamin group. But, breast milk does not have adequate Vitamin D, so, all breastfed infants need supplemental vitamin D. So, when it comes to the best baby Vitamin D drops, what do you need to know? As long as you know it's a reliable brand and you are giving your baby the correct dose, there is not one specific option that is better than another. The recommended dose of Vitamin D for infants is 400 IU per day. Some popular choices with parents include Mommy's Bliss. No matter which brand you buy be sure to check the packaging for instructions on dosing.Remember that the FDA does not test dietary supplements before they are sold on the market. As a consumer, you can contact the supplement manufacturer or the commercial laboratory for an analysis of what is inside the dietary supplement. Be sure to discuss what you are using with your baby's pediatrician. If you forgot to give your baby their daily Vitamin D supplement once or twice, then there is not much to worry about. Missing this supplement sometimes is not likely to cause any long-term issues for your child. However, if you find yourself consistently forgetting to do this, then you should set a reminder and strongly consider assigning a specific person to do the task each day. Many baby apps can also help you track your baby's daily intake of milk and supplements.Vitamin D is important for proper bone growth. In order for the human body to make vitamin D, it needs to be exposed to direct sunlight. And we don’t recommend direct sunlight for babies because it can cause burns and even cancer. Because it is important to keep kids protected from the sun, there is a need for Vitamin D supplementation. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all infants receive a vitamin D supplement, with the exception of those infants who are drinking more than 32 ounces per day of formula that has the vitamin D supplement added. Severe Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a condition called Rickets.The Vitamin D dose for infants is 400 IU (10 mcg) per day of Vitamin D3. This is what is recommended for babies until they are 1 year old. Remember always to discuss any medication or supplement with your child's doctor.
Sources:Tan ML, Abrams SA, Osborn DA. Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 11;12(12):CD013046. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013046.pub2. PMID: 33305822; PMCID: PMC8812278.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33305822/Greer FR. Issues in establishing vitamin D recommendations for infants and children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1759S-62S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1759S. PMID: 15585801.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15585801/Chang SW, Lee HC. Vitamin D and health - The missing vitamin in humans. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019 Jun;60(3):237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 Apr 17. PMID: 31101452.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101452/

Sleep is a critical element in overall physical health.  During sleep, the heart and blood vessels make any necessary repairs.  It allows for better concentration and productivity as well as more energy for physical activities including exercise. So, how long should newborns sleep? The answer is, most of the day. Until they are about 3 months old, infants should be sleeping 14 to 17 hours during a 24-hour day. Especially for children, sleep is important for good brain function, emotional development and behavior factors.  Parents often wonder if the infant, child, or adolescent is really getting enough satisfactory rest to perform well during the day. A good routine would be two or three naps during the day and a longer stretch at night after a feeding.  From age 4 months until they are almost a year, babies should get between 12 and 15 hours of sleep, with 3 or 4 of that coming during the day.Beyond that a toddler of 1 or 2 years old should be sleeping 11 to 14 hours; preschoolers about 10 to 13 hours and elementary school age at least 9 to 11 hours at night.  There are a number of factors that affect the proper amount of sleep.  If you have concerns, check with your pediatrician.A key factor is establishing and maintaining a bedtime routine.  Bathing, singing, and reading to infants and children are all good signals that it is the end of the day and time for rest.  Keeping a consistent pattern will help your child adapt to the routine.One way to do this, depending on your parenting style, is to put the baby in a crib while still awake but drowsy.  This helps the child learn to fall asleep on their own without rocking.  Some movement and even a bit of crying are normal.  If your baby is not hungry, ill or need a diaper change, leave him or her alone for a few minutes to see if he or she settles down and falls asleep on their own.When the baby wakes during a time when you want it to sleep, keep the lights low and don’t play.  Speak in a low voice but don’t talk for long periods of time.  In other words, try to avoid activities that will stimulate the baby and keep him or her alert.It may take a bit of time to establish the routine, but when successful, you will be glad. At around 6 months, a baby starts to have a natural sleep rhythm where their body recognizes day and night. Naps are very common and most children nap until they are 3 to 6 years old.  Newborns and infants will sleep during the day for three or four hours.  As the child ages, the nap time will decrease.  Research has discovered that frequent napping helps children consolidate memories and that these memories are important for learning and brain development.Even if you think your baby is getting enough sleep, be sure to add it as a discussion item with your pediatrician.  Your understanding of what is normal for your child is important and can help you gauge when he or she is not feeling well.

Newborns do not have long stretches of sleep. This means parents are usually not getting long stretches of sleep. Creating an environment that optimizes your newborn's sleep is essential. This can mean the difference between getting a few hours of sleep or not getting any sleep at all. Here are the top recommendations from experts on how to maximize your sleep.Yes, a newborn can sleep with a pacifier. It is important to note that the pacifier should have no attachments, like strings or clips. These are choking and strangulation hazards. A pacifier can help keep your baby asleep at night. If the pacifier falls out, rinse it and replace it if your baby wants it replaced. Sucking is very soothing for a newborn and can help them get back to sleep and stay asleep!You will likely have to buy a variety of pacifier sizes to accommodate your child as they get older. Some pacifier brands offer larger sizes so that the shape of the pacifier doesn't have to change as your child gets older. If you feel that pacifier use is interfering with your ability to breastfeed, you can wait until breastfeeding is established before using a pacifier. Most women are able to breastfeed and use a pacifier without any problems. Many families start using the pacifier before even leaving the hospital. A sound machine is so important when it comes to baby sleep. A good sound machine is one that is not so loud that it is disturbing but not so soft that your baby will awaken from other noises in the house. Remember that it is safest to sleep in the same room as your newborn (but not the same bed) until 6 to 12 months of age to minimize the risk of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). The sound machine should be placed near the baby's bassinet or crib, but not inside the same sleep space as the baby. It should also not be so loud that you will not awaken to hear your baby's cries. You can easily purchase a baby sound machine online so that you are ready for the first night at home with your newborn. A portable sound machine is great because you can easily take it with you when you're on the go!A newborn is not allowed to sleep with a blanket. Therefore, you will want to make sure that the newborn baby clothes that you buy for them at night are warm enough to keep them comfortable. It is important to keep the room at a comfortable temperature so that your baby is not too cold, but also is not at risk for overheating. If your baby is sweating when you pick them up from their crib or bassinet, it means it is too hot in the room or their clothes are causing them to overheat.In addition to selecting the right fabric, newborn sleep clothing with mittens is also helpful because it prevents your baby from scratching themselves at night. If you are able to splurge, magnetic newborn sleep clothing makes diaper changes and clothing changes very quick and easy at night. Zip-up onesies are also a great choice for easy middle-of-the-night changes.Until your baby is rolling, newborn clothing with mittens and footies can help to keep your baby cozy. Once your child starts to roll, they will need the grip from their hands and feet to turn themselves back onto their back.Until your baby starts to roll, you may want to consider using a swaddle. Remember that the swaddle should be snugly fitted and not be near the baby's mouth or nose. After your baby shows signs of starting to roll, discontinue swaddle use immediately. Swaddling a baby that can roll is extremely dangerous. A swaddle can help to prevent the Moro reflex, which is the startle reflex. This reflex will cause your baby to wake themselves up in the middle of the night. Choose a swaddle that is light and easy to wrap. Swaddles that are too thick can cause babies to overheat. Getting through the newborn phase is very challenging. Especially for new parents who may not be used to frequent night time waking, you want to be as prepared as possible. Bright lights will wake up your baby fully. In order to keep them in sleepy mode, use a light that has different settings. You want the light to be bright enough so you can see well during middle-of-the-night diaper changes but not so bright that your baby thinks it's time to play. On the dimmest setting, some night lights will provide up to 200 hours of dim light. If your baby is stuffy and can't nap lying down, an upright bouncer can be really helpful. Remember that a bouncer is not considered a safe sleep space for a baby that is going to be left alone. Therefore, only use a bouncer for your baby to sleep while you or another caretaker is able to observe the baby. Let your baby nap in this bouncer while you can be nearby returning emails or doing some other tasks.

The early days of being a parent are very overwhelming. One of the questions many parents have is, "How often should I bathe my newborn baby?". In the early days of a baby's life, parents do not need to bathe their child very often - just a few times a week. In the beginning, you give them a sponge bath. You can sponge bathe your newborn 2 to 3 times a week. When the umbilical cord falls off, the newborn can have a bath in a baby tub. The umbilical cord typically falls off around the first 1 to 3 weeks of the baby's life. Check out one of our favorite newborn tubs here. We love it because it can go from the early newborn stage to many months later. Newborn tubs with grates must be used in the shower, so it's not a great option if you plan to bathe your baby on the countertop next to the sink. The first newborn bath for your baby is usually done in the hospital. Typically, it is not done until the baby is 1 or 2 days old. If you are having difficulty establishing breastfeeding, you may want to delay the newborn bath so that you do not have too much time away from your baby. Or, be sure to make a request to the nurse taking the baby for the bath that you would like the baby to come back for their feed. If you have a home birth, you can do the first sponge bath on day 2 or 3 of your baby's life.Until the baby's umbilical cord has fallen off, you should keep the area dry and clean. This means that your newborn will not be able to go into a baby tub for the first few weeks of life. The umbilical cord falls off around 1 to 3 weeks of life. In the beginning you will give your baby a sponge bath. Mix clean warm water in a bowl with a lather of baby soap. Then, use a clean soft towel to pat the baby's skin. Do not scrape against the newborn's skin with the towel. After you have cleaned the baby with the warm soapy water, use a damp cloth without soap to pat the skin again. Finally, gently pat a dry towel over your baby's skin to dry them off. Remember to apply baby lotion right away to lock in moisture to the baby's skin. It is important in the first two weeks of life to keep the umbilical cord area of the baby clean and dry. Good umbilical cord hygiene will prevent your baby from having an infection in the area of their belly button. When you give your baby a sponge bath, make sure you avoid the area of the belly button and the umbilical cord. When you are changing the baby's diaper, be sure to fold the diaper down so that the umbilical cord stump is outside the diaper. Once the umbilical cord falls off you can start to bathe your baby in a baby tub.Give your newborn baby a sponge bath two to three times a week for the first two weeks of life. After the umbilical cord falls off, you can bathe your newborn in a newborn tub.  You can bathe your baby as often as you’d like, but it’s not necessary to do it daily.  

Pacifiers may very well be a parent's best friend. They can really be helpful when your baby is crying hysterically and you just need another minute to get their bottle ready or find a place to breastfeed comfortably. Not all babies will take pacifiers, so it's best to try them early on to get your baby use to it. In general, there are no specific pacifiers made just for breastfed babies. You should choose a pacifier that does not have any strings or attachments because these can be choking hazards. Also, in theory, you should a pacifier that does not have a very long nipple, so it can mimic the shape of your nipple and breast. Encouraging a deep latch when breastfeeding is important to avoid pain, and a pacifier that works against this may not be the best idea. You can breastfeed and give your baby a pacifier. Many babies are able to do both without any problems. If you are having trouble establishing breastfeeding then you may want to hold off 1 to 2 weeks until you feel more established with breastfeeding. Some newborns are using pacifiers in the first days of life and also breastfeeding without any problems. This is unique to you and your baby and you should do what works for you.Nanobebe PacifierOne of the best pacifiers for newborns is the Nanobebe pacifier, because it has a short and shallow nipple which makes it a great choice when establishing breastfeeding in those early months of having a newborn. We recommend that you buy a few so that you don't have to keep washing and sterilizing them as babies will often stop sucking which will allow the pacifier to fall to the ground. MAM PacifierWe love the MAM glow-in-the-dark pacifier because you want to be able to find the pacifier without having to turn the light on and completely disrupt your baby's sleep. These are not so bright that they would wake your baby up, but just bright enough to be able to find. They also have a BPA-free silicone with material that gives the baby the feeling of the breast. Also, the symmetrical shape is helpful for jaw and teeth development.Bee Bee Silicone PacifiersAnother fan favorite is the Bee Bee collection. What's great about these is that they are also made of BPA-free silicone, but they also come in a nice large 10 pack. Your baby's pacifier will constantly be falling out of their mouth so you want to be sure that yo have plenty of clean pacifiers on hand.Thinking of using a pacifier clip? Think again. Pacifier clips are not recommended by doctors because they can be a choking hazard. Do not clip your infants pacifier to their clothing. If the pacifier falls to the floor, clean it and replace it. Instead of getting a pacifier clip, just get a handful of pacifiers so that you have plenty on hand when one falls down. There is no best pacifier clip, because in general, these should not be used. There is a decreased risk of SIDS associated with pacifier use, so it can be good for newborns. The number one thing a parent can do to keep their baby safe from SIDS is be sure that their baby is always in a safe sleep environment. This is the most important. This means a tight fitting sheet in the crib or bassinet, and nothing else other than the baby. No toys, no blankets, just your baby. Always place your baby on their back to sleep.Choose a pacifier that is for the newborn stage and be sure to have plenty of them. Do not attach strings to the pacifier or use pacifier clips. When buying pacifiers initially, you can try different brands to see what your baby likes. Once you figure that out, you can buy more of the same one so you can easily replace the pacifier when it falls to the ground and needs to be cleaned.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age, but many parents still want to know how long to breastfeed their children. Exclusive breastfeeding means that the baby receives only breast milk for nutrition and any medically necessary supplements, such as Vitamin D, for the first six months. Many parents will choose to continue breastfeeding beyond 6 months. The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until a minimum of two years, with the added suggestion that parents may continue breastfeeding even beyond 2 years. There is no evidence to support that weaning a child after one year is more difficult, but there is some evidence to support that breastfeeding for as long as possible may have benefits for the child and for the mother. One thing to note is that daycares and preschools in some states discourage the use of breast milk after one year. This may impact a breastfeeding schedule or weaning process. Be sure to have a plan in place on how to handle this especially if you want to continue giving your child breast milk. If you would like to continue breast milk in your baby’s diet, this is an important question to ask when evaluating the right daycare that meets both your baby’s and YOUR needs.It is also important to be very clear with your child’s caretaker as to how to prepare and dispense breast milk. You should carefully go over how to prepare, store and save portions that are intended for use when you are not present. Feeding the baby breast milk in smaller bottles when you are not home will allow for complete usage of the breast milk and avoid unnecessary wastage. Ultimately, the decision should be made based on what is best for the baby and for mom, and rest assured there is no cut-off point for breastfeeding. For some parents this may be 6 months, for others it may be 2 years, and for some it may extend beyond these age milestones.  There are a few situations where mothers may need to stop breastfeeding, like the use of certain medications or if you’ve been diagnosed with HIV, common illnesses like the cold and flu are not transmitted through breast milk.If you just have the common cold or a mild illness, there may be some protective benefit for the child. When someone is ill, their body produces antibodies to protect them against reinfection. These antibodies pass through breast milk, meaning that a baby may get protective benefits from their mother when nursing. Nursing through illness may give your child powerful antibodies to the sickness you’re experiencing.You can continue to breastfeed your baby well into their toddler years if you would like to. Remember that the addition of foods should begin around 6 months and this is something that should be discussed with your doctor. Be sure to also discuss Vitamin D supplementation (400 International Units) with your baby’s doctor as most breastfed children will require this. While getting pregnant in the early days of breastfeeding is unlikely, this becomes more common the older the baby gets. Remember that breastfeeding does not protect against pregnancy. Discussing a birth control method that is appropriate for you and that will not affect breastfeeding is important. Options include, but are not limited to, barrier contraception such as condoms, as well as a progestin only pill, often called “the mini pill.”. It is important to note that the progestin only pill has a higher failure rate over the combined estrogen and progestin oral birth control pill. Once you stop breastfeeding, it is important to choose an appropriate birth control method. (Cleveland Clinic)Breastfeeding may reduce chances of pregnancy - but there is no guarantee and any contraceptive abilities of breastfeeding are temporary. Remember that you will ovulate before your first period comes back. If you happen to have sex during this time, it is possible you could become pregnant without realizing. If you are certain you do not want more children for the next year or more, talk to your doctor about what options are available to you.Ultimately, breastfeeding can be a wonderful way to provide your baby nutrition while also encouraging mother-infant bonding. However, there are many ways to bond with your child even if breastfeeding is too difficult or not an option for the child or mother. Remember, although breast milk has so many wonderful nutritive and immunologic benefits, fed is best – and this can include exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, exclusive pumping, formula or a combination of any of these! 

While breastfeeding your baby has many benefits for both mom and baby, it is not exactly "easy" to do. Breastfeeding has many challenges and one of them is sore and cracked nipples. You can also have painful nipples if you are pumping breast milk as well for your baby. When breastfeeding, buying an appropriate nipple cream can be very helpful in your breastfeeding journey. If breastfeeding parents are not in pain, they are more likely to be able to breastfeed their baby longer and also with more enjoyment. So, what is the best nipple cream while breastfeeding? Let's take a look at some of the popular products on the market so you can understand your options. Be sure to purchase a nipple cream for breastfeeding either towards the end of your pregnancy or immediately after your child is born, as you may start to experience sore nipples right away. The early days of breastfeeding are the most important in terms of establishing your breast milk supply. This means getting the baby to the breast very often (almost every 2 to 3 hours), or using the breast pump every 2 to 3 hours. If your nipples are in pain, then this can directly affect your ability to not just feed but it can also affect your milk supply long term. You will want to be as prepared as possible for your breastfeeding journey.This is one of the most popular breastfeeding products out there. In order to minimally expose your newborn to this, place the ointment onto your nipples just after you have finished a feed. One of the best parts about this nipple cream is that it comes in a variety of sizes so you have options. We recommend buying 2 to 3 of the smaller sizes and keeping it in different locations in your house and one in your handbag. That way you aren't running around looking for it when you need it.This nipple cream is popular because it is a lanolin free option (but remember that many breastfeeding persons use lanolin nipple cream without any problems). Motherlove nipple cream is made of extra virgin olive oil, beeswax, shea butter, marshmallow root, and calendula flower. This nipple cream is also USDA Certified Organic, and it is also non-GMO. One of the downsides to this nipple cream is that it only comes in jar form. It is not as convenient for being on the go and of course the glass of the jar can break. You may want to have this option at home and use the Lanolin breastfeeding nipple cream for when you are on the go.A nipple shield can help in the early days of breastfeeding by protecting the nipple and by making it a little easier for the baby to latch. For parents who are concerned about putting a cream or substance on their nipple, nipple shields can be a way to help with sore and cracked nipples. Unfortunately, nipple shields do not work well for everyone and keep in mind that they must be sterilized and cleaned just like a bottle. However, it is a good option to have one available to you if you are struggling with nipple pain or getting the baby to latch onto the breast properly. Many people will also use a small amount of breast milk over their nipples before or after a feed to help soothe sore nipples. People really like this option since it is viewed as the most natural and many parents are concerned that any products applied to their nipples could be harmful for the baby to ingest. If using breast milk as nipple cream works for you, it is a great option. However, for most breastfeeding parents, this is unlikely to be enough soothing for nipples that are painful and cracked from breastfeeding and pumping. Many people use the above options for nipple cream safely during breastfeeding. It is always a good idea to discuss any products you use with your baby's pediatrician.It is important to be as prepared as possible for breastfeeding. In addition to having nipple cream handy, you may also want to consider a nipple shield. Remember to talk to your doctor about what is safe for your baby. While breastfeeding should not be painful, the reality is that until your baby learns how to properly latch, it can be a painful learning process. Learning how to breastfeed is something that requires guidance and practice, so do not be discouraged if it doesn't "happen naturally." If you want to learn how to breastfeed newborn babies, download Femhealth's physician developed educational guide for free at learn.femhealthproject.com/breastfeeding.

Can you read to a newborn? Yes! It is never too early to start reading to your baby. Reading is a great way activity for bonding with your baby, and can have positive effects on cognition and development. Many of the recommendations below are also books that your child can continue to use well into their toddler years, and are a great investment. If you are wondering, "What are the baby book classics?" Well, here are the best baby books for your little one's first year of life:1) The Very Hungry Caterpillar: Let's Count Book is a great infant book for so many reasons. First of all, it is a cloth baby book so your baby won't accidentally poke themselves in the eye with it. It also has a soft teething toy attached that your baby can use as a teether. The pages also crinkle, so your newborn will really love to touch and interact with this book. Finally, it goes over a numbers, which are a great basic thing your baby can start to learn in their first year of life. It is also machine washable & BPA Free. 2) Another cloth book favorite is Peek-A-Boo Forest. This fun and colorful cloth book is interactive and also has crinkle pages. This book is great as a starter book and also will grow with your child. Beginning with learning how to play peek-a-boo to actually learning the animals, this is a very popular book for ages 0 to 2. It is also washable making it super easy to clean.3) One of the best board books for babies is Dear Zoo. This lift and reveal board book is one of the classic baby books that also makes reading playful and interactive.4) Another great infant book is That's Not My Puppy. This book has different textures on each page that your child can touch and feel. If your baby likes this book, there are several others in the series as well that you can get later on.5) The Llama Llama series is a great baby board book that helps your newborn learn how to turn pages. As they grow older, your infant and toddler will continue to enjoy this series as it will help them learn how to speak and read. A nice way to get introduced to the series is by getting the Llama Llama Little Library which has 4 of the most popular books in the series. If you child seems to gravitate towards it, you can buy more of the books including ones that talk about the different holidays like Halloween and Valentine's Day.It is never too early to start reading to your newborn. In a world full of devices and screens, get your child into the habit of reading early. Make sure you have some baby books to start reading to your baby in their first month of life. Reading to your newborn is one of the most beneficial things you can do for their cognitive and language development. Additionally, they will learn some fine motor skills by learning how to hold books and turn the pages. And of course, reading to your baby is an amazing way to bond with your child. Happy reading!Sources:Piccolo LDR, Weisleder A, Oliveira JBA, Mazzuchelli DSR, Lopez AS, Neto WD, Cates CB, Mendelsohn AL. Reading Aloud, Self-Regulation, and Early Language and Cognitive Development in Northern Brazil. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2022 Feb-Mar 01;43(2):e70-e78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34224503/Needlman R. Reading Aloud to Newborns. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018 Jan;39(1):79-80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29293471/

Formula shortages are causing undue stress on parents who are already stretched thin with caring for their baby. Here are some places you can turn to for buying formula. These brands have traditionally been available on Amazon. Given the formula shortages, as long as your baby does not require any special type of formula, and your baby does not have any allergies, it is usually okay to switch between brands of formula as well as the different types of formula. This means if you were previously using powder, but can only find ready to feed, it is okay to switch between the two. Remember that you should always follow the instructions on the package, because diluting formula with water or changing the proportions of it can be very dangerous and even lethal for your baby. Remember to always check with your doctor or baby's pediatrician for personalized medical advice for your child.1. Similac Infant Care 3602. Similac Alimentum with 2'-FL HMO Hypoallergenic Infant Formula 3. Similac 360 Total Care Sensitive Infant Formula 4. Enfamil Neuro Pro for Premature Baby5. Enfamil Neuro Pro 2 oz Ready To Feed - Great for middle of the night feeds Formula companies often drop off samples to both ob gyn offices and pediatrician offices. It is possible they may have samples for you to use. Many stores, such as Target, will list their local store inventory. You can buy this ahead of time online, and then head to the store to pick it up. This may save you the hassle of going store to store in search of what you are looking for. In Canada, parents generally start cow's milk on their children around 9 to 12 months. This is not a great option for children under 9 months because their gut is not mature enough to handle this. If they are over 9 months, discuss this option with your pediatrician. If you are giving your baby cow's milk, there is an increased concern for iron deficiency anemia, so be sure that your baby has enough iron in their diet. Femhealth's pediatricians have created an educational guide to help parents navigate the formula shortages. You can download it for free here.Sources:https://learn.femhealthproject.com/formulashortage

Each of us is born with ingrained abilities; things no one needs to teach us, like blinking.  Here are some of those infant reflexes we all came equipped with at birth. •         Newborn crying: The sound every parent wants to hear is that first burst of crying at birth.  As you spend more time together, you will begin to recognize differences in the pattern and identify a hungry cry from a distress cry.•         Sneezing: Sneezing is an automatic reflex to get rid of irritants and excess mucus from the nasal area.  It does not necessarily mean a cold is coming on.This is an automatic response of the baby that includes sucking sounds when the baby's mouth or lips are touched.  This is a stimulus to eat and helps the baby find and latch onto the nipple.  This will only happen when the baby is hungry.  This should last until around the four month period.•         Sucking and Swallowing: This is the innate ability of feeding.  This ends between the second and fourth month when the baby is able to seek the nipple by choice.•         Stepping: As you hold your baby by the armpits and the baby's feet touch the floor, you will usually see one leg bend and the other straighten.  This is a reflex the baby developed in the womb in order to move around and prevent pressure sores.  At about two or three months this asymmetry  •         Calming: There are several techniques to soothe an upset baby.  Swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking all will aid the child to calm down and in turn ease the stress on a parent.  Experts think that this is developed to prevent the baby from too much movement just before birth to avoid breech positions. It always gives an adult great pleasure when a baby grabs onto a finger with that tiny hand.  Actually in the animal world, it is critical to some species like apes and koalas that cling to their mother's fur while climbing trees.  Just be careful with your own child because before long those fun fingers will find their way to jewelry, glasses, and other tempting items.  This is sometimes called a startle reflex or “I'm falling”.  It is when the baby's arms open wide and then close into a bear hug.  This is to catch themselves from falling or thinking they are falling.  This will extend until the baby is about four or six months old.  Swaddling will prevent it from happening.  If it is not controlled early, it can result in over-sensitivity to other stimuli.  Growing up it can lead to impulse control, motion sickness, and anxiety.   There are a number of other infant reflexes that you can learn about.  If you find that your child is not demonstrating one or more, consult with your doctor to rule out other problems.  Similarly, if they do not disappear when scheduled, talk about it.  Maintaining some of these conditions could indicate an underlying problem that you want to identify as quickly as possible.

Many people use formula to supplement breast milk and breastfeeding, and you may also be using it as the primary source of nutrition for your child. While formula is generally very safe, there are a few very important things to know about formula before using it.Ready to feed formula is formula that is pre-mixed and can be opened and given to your baby right away in most cases. Because it does not require preparation it is very convenient when compared to powdered formula. More importantly, however, is that ready to feed is much less likely to be contaminated with bacteria that can harm your baby. The downside is that ready to feed formula is almost always more expensive than powdered formula.Due to the risk of contamination in powdered formulas, it is strongly recommended that you boil water which can help to kill any contaminants in powdered infant formula. This preparation must then be cooled in order to be safely fed to your newborn. The process is as follows: boil water, then mix hot water with powdered formula, then cool to a safe temperature for your baby to consume without getting burned. One of the most common reported contaminants is a bacteria called Cronobacter. Cronobacter can cause a life-threatening infection called sepsis. It can also cause meningitis which is an inflammation of the membranes that protect the brain and spine and there have also been reports of this bacteria causing bowel damage.If you are using powdered formula it is very important that you combine the correct proportions of water and formula. DO NOT dilute infant formula as this could result in your baby getting inadequate nutrition. Follow the instructions on the formula packaging to correctly prepare the bottle for your baby with the correct proportions of powder to formula. Your baby does not need any additional water other than the exact amount that is needed to prepare powdered formula or the hydration that is already present in ready to feed formula preparations. There have been reports of contamination in formula and periodically the FDA will release announcements on the recall of certain formulas. It is very important to pay close attention to this so that you can immediately stop using any products that have been recalled. Cronobacter and Salmonella have been reported as contaminants in infant formula and have contributed to hospitalizations and even death in babies. You can use your search engine to set up alerts regarding this so that you are aware.If you are able to breastfeed or provide pumped breast milk to your child, it should be strongly considered when possible. Not only does breast milk have certain immune properties that aren’t found in formula, but you also do not have to worry about contaminants or mixing the right proportions, or heating and then cooling. Additionally, if you are able to directly feed your baby at the breast, then you also do not have to worry about sterilizing and cleaning bottles. And, breast milk is free! If you want to learn more about the basics of breastfeeding, you can download the free Breastfeeding Basics In 10 Minutes E-Book here.

Colic in babies is one of those mysterious diseases that come upon some babies and not others.  A healthy infant who is neither hungry nor needs a diaper change but who cries for more than three hours a day, more than three days a week, and/or more than three weeks, is diagnosed as colic.  Here are a few things we do know about it:•         Onset is at bout 2 weeks of age for a full-term baby but later for a prematurely born child.•         Dissipates at about 3 or 4 months of age, without any medical intervention.•         Can happen without regard to gender, birth order or whether they are bottle fed or nursed.•         There are no long term or residual effects.  The child will grow up normally. There is no definitive explanation for colic.  There are, however, some theories:•         Muscle spasms in a growing digestive system.•         Hormones•         Sensitivity to stimulation like lights or noise•         Development in the nervous system•         Early form of childhood migraine•         Emotions like fear, frustration, or excitement If you have ongoing concerns, there are tests the pediatrician can order to rule out other issues like:•         Infection•         Acid reflux•         Stomach issues•         Eating disorder•         Sensitivity to formula or milk•         Issue with the eye like a scratch•         Uneven heartbeat•         Injuries•         Inflammation in the brain or nervous system The symptoms usually appear in the evening, but if not then, usually at the same time each day.•         No apparent reason for the crying•         Appears that they are in pain•         Clenched fists, stiff arms, arched back, curled legs•         Turning bright red The persistent crying can cause the baby to swallow too much air.  This can accumulate in the stomach as gas and give the infant a tight or swollen belly. Colic is a diagnosis of exclusion.  That is after other possibilities are eliminated, colic is what is left.  The doctor will probably want to know about the symptoms and any other medical issues the baby may have or had.  The physical exam will include looking at:•         Energy level•         Skin color and tone•         Breathing•         Temperature•         Weight There is no standard treatment for colic and the condition usually remedies itself at about 4 months old.  There are some recommendations the doctor will make.  •         If you are breastfeeding, check any medications the mother is taking or foods that may be causing the baby to form an allergy.•         Try changing the baby's position from lying down to sitting up.•         Walk around with them or rock.•         Swaddle•         Hold them bare skin to bare skin•         Use white noise•         Put them in a swing or vibrating seat Parental Self Care Being a new parent is a challenge in itself.  Couple that with colic and parents are going to get more testy, overwhelmed, or express other emotions.  It is just as important to take care of yourself as the baby.  Ask for help from friends, family, or babysitters.  The baby will recognize when your own stress has been lowered and will respond.      

Many parents will give their breastfed baby some amount of formula. There are many reasons a parent may choose to also give their baby formula in addition to breast milk. The most common one is not making enough breast milk. If your baby is hungry, you need to feed them, and both breast milk and formula are nutritious options for your baby. This is absolutely not harmful to your baby, and if you need to or want to, you should. So, what is the best formula to use? The answer is, as long as it has been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration, it should be, in theory, safe to use. However, there is an entire category of formulas that may be safer for your baby due to a lower risk of contamination. This is called "ready to feed" and it is different from powdered formula. Ready to feed formula may be a better choice over powdered formula as it tends to have a much lower rate of being recalled. There have been cases of contamination where children have become sick and have even died due to powdered formula. If you are using powdered formula it is very important to mix the formula with boiling water first in order to kill any contaminants in the powder. Then, after mixing the powdered formula with very hot water to kill potential bacteria, you must cool the bottle and formula so it is not too hot for your baby to drink. Not all powdered formula will have contaminants, but the only way to protect your child from harmful bacteria (Cronobacter Sakazakii) in powdered formula is to be sure to use water that is boiling when mixing. Boiling formula and then cooling it takes a lot of time. And most parents do not have a lot of free time. For this reason, many parents choose to have ready to feed formula on standby in case they need it. Ready to feed formula is a great option for the breastfed baby. It is easy to open and use right away. It doesn't need to be heated up or cooled down and is a quick way to settle your hungry baby. In the ready to feed formulas there are a few options that we like more than others. This is mainly related to size. Brands that carry a 2 oz option in ready to feed are a great idea for newborns and young infants. Once you open the ready to feed formula, it must be used within 2 hours or the remainder must be refrigerated. While putting extra formula into the refrigerator does not seem like a big deal, it truly may be during a middle of the night feeding. Additionally, if your baby is primarily breastfed, then you may not have the option to finish the remainder of the formula in a larger 8 oz or 32 oz bottle. Given how expensive the ready to feed formula can be, most parents will not want to waste it. Sources:https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/infection-and-infants.htmlNorberg S, Stanton C, Ross RP, Hill C, Fitzgerald GF, Cotter PD. Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula. J Food Prot. 2012 Mar;75(3):607-20. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-285. PMID: 22410240.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22410240/Kalyantanda G, Shumyak L, Archibald LK. Cronobacter Species Contamination of Powdered Infant Formula and the Implications for Neonatal Health. Front Pediatr. 2015 Jul 2;3:56. doi: 10.3389/fped.2015.00056. PMID: 26191519; PMCID: PMC4489094.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26191519/Chauhan R, Singh N, Pal GK, Goel G. Trending biocontrol strategies against Cronobacter sakazakii: A recent updated review. Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109385. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109385. Epub 2020 Jun 5. PMID: 33233087.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233087/

Try out these helpful tips to see what works best for your little one:Cold temperatures can help to relieve pain in a baby's gums and emerging teeth. Freeze a clean and wet cloth or rag. Once frozen, give it to your little one for them to chew on. You may even massage your baby’s gums using the rag. This can decrease inflammation around the gums. You can also feed them cold soft foods like yogurt, applesauce, or frozen fruit, if they eat those solids. Most babies will not start on solids until 4 to 6 months old. Teething rings and toys may be great to give pressure required for soothing sore gums, though make sure you choose ones made of safe material. You can refrigerate these toys and give them to your little one for the cold to soothe their gums.Teething biscuits can be used for those who are 8-12 months old, though be wary of their gum hygiene, wiping the gum area with a clean cloth after feeding them the biscuits.Another option is that parents can rub their gums gently with your clean fingers or wet gauze, with the pressure easing their discomfort.  Besides the treatments mentioned above, make sure that you avoid the following: Do NOT put anything in your little one's mouth that has no scientific proof that it helps soothe teething. There are even a few teethers or teething aids that aren't safe, especially ones that have liquid inside, are made with breakable materials or are frozen solid. This is dangerous for your toddler to bite into and can hurt them. Avoid using materials with harmful substances or choking hazards. If you do choose a teether, get one made of rubber or safe medical grade silicone.It is never okay to use a teething necklace. Teething necklaces are dangerous and they can strangle your baby. Any baby jewelry is dangerous and has the potential to break, and your little one can choke on the parts of the baby jewelry. Teething necklaces, teething bracelets, or anything the baby wears other than their well fitted clothes can pose a hazard to your child. Don’t use over-the-counter teething gels or liquids with benzocaine, which has rare but serious side effects. Always consult your pediatrician before giving any pain relievers or medications to your baby, even topically. Teething is probably one of the most dreaded milestones for parents as their little ones head on to their toddler years, as this is a very uncomfortable time for them. While toothless smiles are adorable, this won’t last long, as babies will start growing their baby teeth, which may have you staying up at night from their pain! It's painful watching them cry from the discomfort but don't worry, there are safe and effective ways to treat teething pain in babies. Read on to find out! Most babies begin teething when they reach between four to seven months old, though some begin later. Each baby has his own timetable, so don't worry if it doesn't seem like he's growing his first set of pearly whites just yet. Even if teeth aren’t popping up yet, you’ll know when your little one begins teething based on these symptoms: ·         They feel more fussy or irritable, crying even more·         Have swollen and tender gums·         Have a slightly raised temperature around 101 degrees F or less·         Lots of drooling·         Gnawing, chewing, or even biting·         Coughing·         Pulling their eats·         Rubbing their cheeks·         They bring their hands to the mouth·         They have a change in eating and/or sleeping patterns If your little one starts to feel more pain to the point they have rashes, pus, or blood in the gums, high fever, diarrhea, or vomiting, do send them to the doctor immediately, as these are not typical signs of teething and you need to take them to their doctor right away.Teething is an uncomfortable time for your baby, but it doesn’t mean there are no remedies to help relieve them a bit! Make sure to use any recommended remedy by your doctor and to avoid dangerous or unproven methods.

Is your little one waking up every 20 minutes and keeping you from having a good night’s sleep? He may be going through baby sleep regressions!After becoming a parent, you’ve probably heard about these sleep regressions without really knowing what to expect. To learn more about what they are and how to move past them, read on! Baby sleep regression is the time when your little one’s sleep patterns start to shift. They will wake up more throughout the night, having a difficult time sleeping again. Unfortunately, once they awake, so will you. It’s frustrating, but manageable, especially when you know how to handle it well and know why it happens. Baby sleep regressions are totally normal and fortunately, a temporary period. But why does it happen? Sleep regressions may mean that your little one is going through a growth spurt, and/or that his brain is going through some development. Since the brain is developing, your baby is starting to learn new skills and master existing skills, such as rolling over or sitting up. With every major milestone or development, a sleep regression usually is there to accompany it.  During this time of growth, development and learning, it might be tiring, stressful and frustrating for your little one. As a result, it impacts their sleep patterns. That is what is called a sleep regression. It’s not truly a regression in that is just means there is less regular sleep or a change in sleep to a pattern you may have seen more when they were infants.  Baby sleep regressions usually begin when your little one turns four months old. Note that there may be more regressions occurring in the future, usually every two to three months until they reach the toddler stage.  Usually, the first sleep regression at four months old is the hardest for parents, as it is the first they’ll experience and they may have had better quality of sleep for a period before it.  This period can last between three to six weeks or longer, and it can catch you off guard! Your baby may have been sleeping well, only to begin waking up more at night, taking shorter naps, or even skipping them without an obvious reason. You will know when your baby is going through a sleep regression when you notice a sudden worsening of their sleep patterns.              •           Waking up multiple times at night            •           Less napping             •           More fussiness            •           Appetite changesWhen it does happen, don’t worry! This usually doesn’t mean something is wrong. Reassure yourself that this is temporary and it means your little one is growing and learning new things as regressions occur, as they are engaging with their environment even more. But if your little one experiences other symptoms such as fever or other signs of illnesses, do consult their doctor. While baby sleep regressions are a technically sign of a good thing (development), I can’t deny that it’s frustrating for parents as well.  Baby sleep regressions don’t last forever. With the right knowledge, coping strategies, and tips, you can help them learn new skills as the entire family sleeps healthier. Good luck!

Infant massage is a process of gently rubbing the muscles and body of infants or babies in a manner designed specifically for them. Baby massage can be performed by a certified and professionally trained infant massage therapist or the parents, grandparents, or guardian of the baby who have been taught to properly to do it. Infant massage can provide several health benefits such as helping them sleep. Let us have a look at how massaging your baby can help your bundle of joy in several ways. Massaging, when done properly, may help to support the proper growth and development of your baby. Research studies have shown that infant massage is beneficial even for preterm infants including those admitted in the NICU. It can, in some cases, shorten their length of stay in the NICU, improve weight gain, and support the feeding tolerance of the babies. These studies have also shown that infant massage may promote neurodevelopment thereby improving the functions of the brain and nervous system. [1]Infant massage is commonly linked to improved muscle tone. The gentle massaging action would increase the circulation of blood through the muscles, ligaments, and tendons thereby strengthening and nourishing these tissues. It would promote healthy muscle growth and improve muscle tone. This may help your baby learn to walk or perform other physical activities with better ease and efficiency. [2]Massaging your baby may help to improve bone density and make their bones stronger. This benefit is also observed in preterm babies. Regular massage of preterm babies would support the development of the bones and improve bone strength. This is one of the reasons why infant massage is highly recommended. [3]Baby massage may help to provide relief from respiratory disorders such as asthma in infants and newborn babies. It is believed that infant massage can promote the elimination of mucus from the throat and lungs and allow smooth flow of air through the respiratory passages thereby providing relief from breathing difficulties. [4]Infant massage is beneficial not just for the baby but even for parents. Research studies have shown that massaging your baby would improve your attitude toward childbearing and enhance maternal or paternal satisfaction considerably. [5]It can also improve the bond between you and your baby and fill the moments with smiles and laughter. This would ease stress and anxiety in first-time moms and dads and increase their confidence about being able to take good care of their baby. [6]Infant massage can also be helpful for babies with gas and colic. ConclusionA gentle and caring touch is good for all. However, for infants, it holds more importance as they are new to the world and need assurance of having someone special caring for them. Other than this, massaging your baby can also help him or her in several other ways by improving blood circulation and relieving muscle stiffness. If you are due for delivery or have already welcomed your baby into the world, make sure you gift the goodness of massage to your bundle of joy. The caring touch will make your baby happy and his smile will bring more joy to the experience of parenthood. Just be sure to learn how to do it properly. References:1.      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31059673/2.      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617372/3.      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844909/4.      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5457772/5.      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28866286/6.      http://www.healthofchildren.com/I-K/Infant-Massage.html#ixzz6aM4JrAnr

About 10% of moms who have just given birth experience postpartum depression. Unfortunately, not many moms even know they are depressed, thinking that this is the way all new moms feel.  But while being tired with a newborn is normal, feeling sad and hopeless all the time isn’t. That’s why it’s important to learn about postpartum depressions and to watch out for the signs. This will allow you to intervene and have you feel like yourself, enjoying your time with your new family.  1. The Baby Blues Don’t Go AwayIt’s typical to experience low moods during the first two weeks after giving birth. Afterward, you should slowly be feeling better and begin focusing on the next stage of your life. However, if you still feel sad, or even hopeless, after a few weeks, and these feelings are getting intense, then it may be more than just the typical blues. 2. You Start to Lose Interest In ThingsAre you beginning to lose interest in the things you used to love doing? Do you still feel affectionate with your partner or enjoy your favorite foods? Or are you feeling down and just want to stay in bed because nothing seems to cheer you up? Another sign is if you start to lose care and have trouble making any decision, no matter how simple it is. If you aren't able to decide to get out of bed and shower or not or to even change your little one's diaper and spend time with them, this may be an early sign of postpartum depression.  If ever you don’t find anything exciting or interesting anymore, especially when it comes to caring for your baby, then it’s time to talk with your doctor about these mood changes and new habits.  3. Continuous Sadness and Guilt FeelingsFeeling sad or upset once in a while is typical, especially as you adjust to the new changes and care for your little one. But if you’ve been experiencing a lot of random crying spells or even feel unhappy about being a mom, this is something more. Furthermore, if you feel guilty and talk yourself down as a mom, then this is one of the first signs or symptoms of postpartum depression. Another thing to note about is your feelings towards being a mom. Sure, all moms worry about not being a good mom, but if you have constant doubts as a mother despite doing well, it could mean something else.  4. Sleep Patterns Changed… WeirdlyOf course, your sleeping patterns have changed with a baby crying every few hours for feeding! This is normal. But once you aren’t able to even take a nap or feel rested while your baby is napping or sleeping, or if you’re sleeping all the time, then this might be something other than adjusting to a new sleep pattern.  This is because changes in mood, appetite, and even sleep are one of the early signs of depression. 5. You Have Thoughts About Harming YourselfDo you have thoughts about hurting yourself or the baby? Or even suicide? This is an advanced sign of postpartum depression that must be addressed immediately. If ever you do feel like harming yourself or anyone around you, do reach out for help and call your doctor right away to get the treatment you need. For new mothers who have experienced one or more of these signs, do reach out to your partner and loved ones, as well as a medical professional. You are not alone and can get through postpartum depression!

As your little one begins to grow and achieve milestones, you’re excited to have them hit certain ones, especially when they begin laughing! After all, what parent doesn’t want to see their little one smile and laugh? Seeing your little one laugh is one of the best parenting moments new moms and dads wait for, and once they start, you won’t get enough! However, their laughter won’t happen the moment they’re born. You’ll need to be patient and wait until that time comes. When do babies start laughing anyway? Read on to find out! When Do Babies Start Laughing? Most babies will first laugh out loud when they hit 3-4 months old. However, the first laugh might come at later months for other babies. Just like any other milestone, the timeline varies from baby to baby, so be patient and let it come on their own time. You can even help your little one discover their first laugh, with many ways to have them feel delighted enough to chuckle. Their first laughs would usually be inspired by anything that makes them happy, from simple things like their favorite toys, or even seeing you laugh, too! Another interesting motivator for their laughs is their curiosity- They want to hear their own voice and see the positive reactions of others around them! Once your little begins to laugh, he’ll start to laugh even more, as it feels great, it’s a cute sound, and he’ll love seeing you do the same.  If it takes a bit longer than 4 months and they haven’t laughed yet, there’s nothing to worry about. Some babies are naturally serious, not laughing as much compared to others. This is okay, as long as they are meeting all of the other developmental milestones. Focus on all the age-appropriate milestones (like smiling, recognizing people, and making other sounds), not just this one! If you’re worried about your child not laughing or meeting the other developmental milestones, then it’s best to bring it up with your baby’s doctor during his next check-up. His doctor will ask about different milestones met, so take note of these for a complete ‘report’. He will give you professional advice based on his evaluations, recommending therapy or other exercises as needed.  There are also other ways you can encourage your baby to have their first laugh, such as: ·         Make funny noises like kissing or popping sounds, talk in squeaky voices, or blow your lips together. These are more interesting noises than your normal voice, which can have your baby laugh. You can also give them noisemakers, provided that these are safe toys to play with·         Tickle or blow on your baby’s skin gently, or kissing their hands and feet·         Play fun games like peek-a-boo, which is a great way to have babies begin laughing Among the many memorable events you can’t wait to experience with your little one, laughing must be one of the top of your list! This wonderful milestone will be reached eventually, only taking a few months. If not, this is totally OK, your little one will learn to laugh eventually, and your home will be filled with that adorable giggle. Hopefully, we answered your question, ‘when do babies start laughing?’ Wait patiently and allow your little one to take time until they learn different actions, they’ll be giggling in no time!

Are you unsure about when you should introduce the sippy cup to your baby? In short, it depends, but there are signs to be aware of to see if your child is ready to make the move. What is a Sippy Cup?Sippy cups are training cups usually made of plastic, having a screw or snap-on lid and spout so your little one can drink without spilling the liquids. Some models come with and without handles, along with sippy cups with different kinds of spouts.These cups are a good way for your little one to transition from bottle-feeding or nursing to drinking from regular cups. It also improves hand-to-mouth coordination and motor skills, so they have independence without making a huge mess.When to Start Sippy CupThere isn’t an exact time to introduce the sippy cup to all babies, as it depends on their preference and if you feel like they are ready. The typical time to introduce the sippy cup is between 6-12 months, many recommending starting the sippy cup when your baby reaches 9 months old. In fact, a recent Pediatrics study found out that 9 months is the “ideal” age when transitioning little ones from the bottle, and that they should begin drinking exclusively from a sippy cup when they reach 12 months old.Besides that, other signs that your baby might be ready include: Prolonged bottle use may lead to cavities and/or iron-deficiency anemia, and it may encourage them to drink even more milk than needed. So it is recommended to work to have your baby transition to a sippy cup sooner rather than later. This may increase the risk of obesity, tooth decay, and even affect the development and positioning of adult teeth later on in life.How to Introduce Your Little One to the Sippy CupNow that you know when to introduce your little one to the sippy cup, how can you do so gradually? Here are quick tips to follow:Talk to your pediatrician if you have more lingering questions regarding the sippy cup transition. Don't stress! You will make the right decision when makes the most sense for your family.

As new parents, it may be difficult adjusting to your baby's sleeping habits, especially when they wake up crying in the middle of the night! Once they reach a few months old, it's time to begin training them to sleep peacefully on their own, and at the right time. How can you do it?Here are the 5 different sleep-training methods for babies you can consider trying: Also known as the Check-and-Console Method, there are different variations but a similar principle: Continue checking on your little one at preset intervals but you don't feet or lull them to sleep, as this would mean they won't sleep on their own. Once you go through the typical bedtime routine, put your little one in the crib and leave the room, waiting for a specific amount of time (a minute or two). Then go in and reassure your little one with a few words or a simple pat or rub. Do NOT pick the baby up and leave the room again, continuing to leave and check on them until they fall asleep.  While effective, some parents report that going into their room would aggravate their baby more. With that said, consider the next option, CIO. You do not respond to any crying as your baby tries to sleep. Go through the bedtime routine and put them in their crib and walk out.  This is a controversial sleep-training method that's still up for debate. What you do next is what works for you and your little one. Expect a lot of crying, though it's short-term and as long as you know they are safe (check through a baby monitor and camera), then it's worth a try. This is a gradual sleep-training method that needs a lot of patience and discipline.  Prep your little one for bed but instead of walking out, stay near the crib and sit down. Once they fall asleep, leave the room but once they wake up, sit back in the chair until they are asleep again. You should console them from your chair, if possible, and not closer. Every few nights, move your chair further away until you are outside the room.  If your baby is younger than seven months, then this is a suitable method where you’re staying in the room without having to provide too much help for your baby to fall asleep. Simply stand over your baby’s crib and start shushing him by patting his tummy for reassurance. You can also let your baby fuss over for a short while and pick him up, then put him in his crib before he falls asleep. These methods work well for younger babies but it may make some babies more upset because of overstimulation. With the Bedtime-Routine Fading technique, simply continue whichever sleep-training method works for you. But every few days, decrease the amount of time spent doing it until you won't have to do it anymore. As for the Bedtime-Hour Fading, you place your baby in the crib at the typical time they start dozing off, then make that their bedtime for a few nights. Then start to slowly move the bedtime at an earlier time, such as 20 minutes earlier until your little one nods off at the desired bedtime. Beyond these sleep-training methods for your baby, make sure that you do much more research and talk to your doctor for more advice. What can work for others may not work for you and your baby, so trial-and-error is needed here, as well as a lot of patience. The good news is that for most babies, sleep continues to improve over time regardless of which sleep training methods you use. Good luck!

If you are considering making the switch to cow's milk for your baby, there are a few things to consider, including when to start cow's milk. It varies slightly, but a consensus is, around a year.When to Start Cow’s Milk for BabyBased on the advice of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, it’s best to wait until your baby turns a year old or over that. Once they hit the 1-year milestone, you can begin switching out breastmilk and/or formula with cow’s milk. As you introduce cow's milk, make sure you start with whole milk, not skim or non-fat. The fat in whole milk is beneficial for the brain, which is crucial for better development during their first 2 years. But if you have a family history or are at risk of heart diseases or obesity, then it’s best to speak with a pediatrician regarding the best choices of milk for your little one.Why Wait to Start on Cow's Milk?You’re probably wondering- Why wait for a year rather than start weaning off breastmilk or formula? Sure, it’s tempting to begin introducing your little one to cow’s milk sooner than a year old, but you shouldn’t rush it.Breastmilk and formula contain iron, vitamin C, among other important nutrients that you don’t find in cow’s milk, or at least not in adequate quantities for your little one to develop well. But when your baby reaches a year old, they can compensate for lost nutrients once they begin eating solids, having a diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and dairy. To add to this, here are reasons why you shouldn’t replace breastmilk or formula with cow’s milk too soon:The Benefits of Cow’s MilkMilk is a great source of calcium and vitamin D, which is good for bone development and to protect your body from various conditions, like diabetes and cancer. Just make sure that you feed cow's milk in appropriate amounts, 2-3 servings a day. Wrapping It UpIt’s important to learn when to feed your little one the appropriate and nutritious foods. With cow’s milk, you’ll need to wait for at least a year, and once you do, they can enjoy the health benefits this yummy drink has to offer.